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Since the earliest days of the Church, theologians have struggled to understand how humanity and divinity coexisted in the person of Christ. Proponents of the Arian heresy, which held that Jesus could not have been fully divine, found significant scriptural evidence of their position: Jesus wondered, questioned, feared, suffered, and prayed. The defenders of orthodoxy, such as Hilary of Poitiers, Ambrose of Milan, Jerome, and Augustine, showed considerable ingenuity in explaining how these biblical passages could be reconciled with Christ's divinity. Medieval theologians such as Peter Lombard, Thomas Aquinas, and Bonaventure, also grappled with these texts when confronting the rising threat of Arian heresy. Like their predecessors, they too faced the need to preserve Jesus' authentic humanity and to describe a mode of experiencing the passions that cast no doubt upon the perfect divinity of the Incarnate Word. As Kevin Madigan demonstrates, however, they also confronted an additional obstacle. The medieval theologians had inherited from the Greek and Latin fathers a body of opinion on the passages in question, which by this time had achieved normative cultural status in the Christian tradition. However, the Greek and Latin fathers wrote in a polemical situation, responding to the threat to orthodoxy posed by the Arians. As a consequence, they sometimes found themselves driven to extreme and sometimes contradictory statements. These statements seemed to their medieval successors either to compromise the true divinity of Christ, his true humanity, or the possibility that the divine and human were in communication with or metaphysically linked to one another. As a result, medieval theologians also needed to demonstrate how two equally authoritative but apparently contradictory statements could be reconciled-to protect their patristic forebears from any doubt about their unanimity or the soundness of their orthodoxy. Examining the arguments that resulted from the

Christian dogmatics --- anno 500-1499 --- 232 <09> --- Jesus Christ. Christologie dogmatique. De verbo incarnato--Geschiedenis van ... --- Jesus Christ --- -Christ --- Cristo --- Jezus Chrystus --- Jesus Cristo --- Jesus, --- Jezus --- Christ, Jesus --- Yeh-su --- Masīḥ --- Khristos --- Gesù --- Christo --- Yeshua --- Chrystus --- Gesú Cristo --- Ježíš --- Isa, --- Nabi Isa --- Isa Al-Masih --- Al-Masih, Isa --- Masih, Isa Al --- -Jesus, --- Jesucristo --- Yesu --- Yeh-su Chi-tu --- Iēsous --- Iēsous Christos --- Iēsous, --- Kʻristos --- Hisus Kʻristos --- Christos --- Jesuo --- Yeshuʻa ben Yosef --- Yeshua ben Yoseph --- Iisus --- Iisus Khristos --- Jeschua ben Joseph --- Ieso Kriʻste --- Yesus --- Kristus --- ישו --- ישו הנוצרי --- ישו הנצרי --- ישוע --- ישוע בן יוסף --- المسيح --- مسيح --- يسوع المسيح --- 耶稣 --- 耶稣基督 --- 예수그리스도 --- Jíizis --- Yéshoua --- Iėsu̇s --- Khrist Iėsu̇s --- عيسىٰ --- History of doctrines --- -Jesus Christ --- -History of doctrines --- -232 <09> --- -Christian dogmatics --- Jesus Christ. Christologie dogmatique. De verbo incarnato--Geschiedenis van .. --- Christ --- ‏عيسىٰ‏ --- Jesus Christ. Christologie dogmatique. De verbo incarnato--Geschiedenis van . --- Jesus Christ. Christologie dogmatique. De verbo incarnato--Geschiedenis van

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Gregorius I de Grote --- Lord's Supper in art --- Mass in art --- Gregory --- Art, Medieval --- Christian art and symbolism --- Lord's Supper --- Themes, motives --- Subjects --- Jesus Christ --- Christ --- Cristo --- Jezus Chrystus --- Jesus Cristo --- Jesus, --- Jezus --- Christ, Jesus --- Yeh-su --- Masīḥ --- Khristos --- Gesù --- Christo --- Yeshua --- Chrystus --- Gesú Cristo --- Ježíš --- Isa, --- Nabi Isa --- Isa Al-Masih --- Al-Masih, Isa --- Masih, Isa Al --- -Jesus, --- Jesucristo --- Yesu --- Yeh-su Chi-tu --- Iēsous --- Iēsous Christos --- Iēsous, --- Kʻristos --- Hisus Kʻristos --- Christos --- Jesuo --- Yeshuʻa ben Yosef --- Yeshua ben Yoseph --- Iisus --- Iisus Khristos --- Jeschua ben Joseph --- Ieso Kriʻste --- Yesus --- Kristus --- ישו --- ישו הנוצרי --- ישו הנצרי --- ישוע --- ישוע בן יוסף --- المسيح --- مسيح --- يسوع المسيح --- 耶稣 --- 耶稣基督 --- 예수그리스도 --- Jíizis --- Yéshoua --- Iėsu̇s --- Khrist Iėsu̇s --- عيسىٰ --- Grégoire, --- Gregor, --- Gregorio, --- Grēgorios --- Gregorius, --- Gregorius --- Gregory, --- Art. --- Apparitions and miracles. --- Liturgy --- anno 500-1499 --- religieuze kunst --- geschiedenis --- middeleeuwen --- retabels --- christelijke iconografie --- Bosch, Jheronimus --- Christus --- 14de eeuw --- 15de eeuw --- Art --- Apparitions and miracles --- ‏عيسىٰ‏ --- Grégoire --- middeleeuwen, middeleeuwse geschiedenis (historisch tijdvak) --- Art, Medieval - Themes, motives --- Christian art and symbolism - Medieval, 500-1500 --- Gregorius Magnus p. --- Missa --- Iconographie --- Gregory - I, - Pope, - ca. 540-604 - Art --- Jesus Christ - Apparitions and miracles --- Gregory - I, - Pope, - ca. 540-604 --- religieuze kunst. --- geschiedenis. --- middeleeuwen, middeleeuwse geschiedenis (historisch tijdvak). --- retabels. --- christelijke iconografie. --- Bosch, Jheronimus. --- Christus. --- Gregorius I de Grote. --- 14de eeuw. --- 15de eeuw.